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Assessing Reading Proficiency
Reading ability is very difficult to assess accurately.
In the communicative competence model,
a student's reading level is the level at which that
student
is able to use reading to accomplish communication goals.
This means that assessment of reading ability needs to be
correlated with purposes for reading.
Reading Aloud
A student's performance when reading aloud is not a
reliable indicator of that student's reading ability. A student who is
perfectly capable of understanding a given text when reading it silently
may stumble when asked to combine comprehension with word
recognition
and speaking ability in the way that reading aloud
requires.
In addition, reading aloud is a task that students will
rarely, if ever, need to do
outside of the classroom. As a method of assessment,
therefore, it is not authentic:
It does not test a student's ability to use reading to
accomplish a purpose or goal.
However, reading aloud can help a teacher assess whether
a student is "seeing" word endings
and other grammatical features when reading. To use
reading aloud for this purpose,
adopt the "read and look up" approach: Ask the
student to read a sentence silently
one or more times, until comfortable with the content,
then look up and tell you what it says.
This procedure allows the student to process the text,
and lets you see the results
of that processing and know what elements, if any, the
student is missing.
Comprehension
Questions
Instructors often use comprehension questions to test
whether students have understood
what they have read. In order to test comprehension
appropriately, these questions need
to be coordinated with the purpose for reading. If the
purpose is to find specific information, comprehension questions should focus
on that information.
If the purpose is to understand an opinion and the
arguments that support it,
comprehension questions should ask about those points.
In everyday reading situations, readers have a purpose
for reading before they start.
That is, they know what comprehension questions they are
going to need to answer
before they begin reading. To make reading assessment in
the language classroom more like reading outside of the classroom, therefore,
allow students to review the comprehension questions
before they begin to read the test passage.
Finally, when the purpose for reading is enjoyment,
comprehension questions are beside the point. As a more
authentic form of assessment,
have students talk or write about why they found the text
enjoyable and interesting (or not).
Authentic
Assessment
In order to provide authentic assessment of students'
reading proficiency,
a post-listening activity must reflect the real-life uses
to which students might put information
they have gained through reading.
It must have a purpose other than assessment
It must require students to demonstrate their level of
reading comprehension
by completing some task
To develop authentic assessment activities, consider the
type of response
that reading a particular selection would elicit in a
non-classroom situation.
For example, after reading a weather report, one might
decide what to wear the next day;
after reading a set of instructions, one might repeat
them to someone else;
after reading a short story, one might discuss the story
line with friends.
Use this response type as a base for selecting
appropriate post-reading tasks.
You can then develop a checklist or rubric that will
allow you to evaluate each student's comprehension of specific parts of the
text.
http://www.nclrc.org/essentials/reading/assessread.htm
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