Common mallow can be rather small to look like a small bush depending on its environment.
Teaching Reading
Comprehension to Students with Dyslexia
Eileen Bailey
Special Education Expert
Reading comprehension is frequently very difficult for Students
with dyslexia.
They are challenged by word recognition; they may
forget a word even though they have seen it several times. They may spend so
much time and effort in sounding words out,
they lose the meaning of the text or they may need to
read a passage over and over
to fully understand what is being said.
An in-depth report, completed by the National Reading
Panel in 2000,
provides a look at how teachers can best teach students
reading comprehension.
This skill is considered essential, not only in learning
to read but also in lifelong learning.
The panel held regional public hearings with teachers,
parents and students
to help form an understanding of what was required in
making sure students
had a solid foundation of reading skills.
Reading comprehension was listed as one of the five most
important skills in developing reading.
According to the panel, there were three specific themes
within reading comprehension
that were discussed:
a) Vocabulary
Instruction
b) Text
Comprehension Instruction
c) Teacher
Preparation and Comprehension Strategies Instruction
Vocabulary Instruction
Teaching vocabulary increases reading comprehension. The
more words a student knows,
the easier it is to understand what is being read.
Students must also be able to decode
unfamiliar words, that is, they must be able to derive
the meaning of the word
through knowledge or similar words or through the
surrounding text or speech.
For example, a student can better understand the word
/truck/ if they first understand the word /car/ or a student can guess what the
word /truck/ means by looking at the rest of the sentence, such as The farmer
loaded hay in the back of his truck and drove away.
The student can assume that the truck is something you
drive,
thereby being like a car, but is bigger since it can hold
hay.
The panel found that using a variety of methods to teach
vocabulary
worked better than simple vocabulary lessons. Some of the
successful methods included:
Ø Using
computer and technology to aid in vocabulary instruction
Ø Repetitive
exposure to words
Ø Learning
vocabulary words prior to reading text
Ø Indirect
learning of vocabulary,
for
example using vocabulary words in a number of different contexts
Ø Learning
vocabulary in both written text and oral speech
Teachers should not rely on a single method of teaching
vocabulary,
but instead should combine different methods to create
interactive
and multi-faceted vocabulary lessons that are
age-appropriate for the students.
Text Comprehension
Instruction
Text comprehension, understanding what the printed words
mean as a whole
rather than understanding individual words, is the basis
of reading comprehension.
The panel found that, "comprehension is enhanced
when readers actively relate the ideas represented in print to their own
knowledge and experiences
and construct mental representations in memory."
Further, it was found that
when cognitive strategies were used during reading, comprehension
increased.
Some of the specific reading comprehension strategies
that were found to be effective are:
Ø Teaching
students to monitor their understanding of the material as they read
Ø Having
students practice reading comprehension skills as a group
Ø Using
pictures and graphics to represent the material being learned
Ø Answering
questions about the material
Ø Creating
questions about the material
Ø Determining
the structure of the story
Ø Summarizing
the material
As with vocabulary instruction, it was found that using a
combination
of reading comprehension strategies and making lessons
multisensory
was more effective than using a single strategy. In
addition, understanding that strategies
may change depending on what is being read was important.
For example, reading science text may require a different
strategy than reading a story.
Students who are able to experiment with different
strategies
are better equipped to determine which strategy will work
for their current assignment.
Teacher
Preparation and Comprehension Strategies Instruction
In order to teach reading comprehension, teacher must, of
course, be knowledgeable
of all of the components of reading comprehension.
Specifically, teachers should receive training
in explaining the strategies to students, modeling
thinking processes,
encouraging students to be curious about what they are
reading, keeping students interested
and creating interactive reading instruction.
There are two main approaches to teaching reading
comprehension strategies:
Direct Explanation –
Using this approach, the teacher explains the reasoning and mental processes
used to make text meaningful. Teachers can explain that reading and
understanding text
is a problem solving exercise. For example, when
summarizing what has been read,
a student can play the part of a detective, looking for
important information in the text.
Transaction
Strategy Instruction-This approach also uses direct explanations of the
strategies
used in reading comprehension but includes class and
group discussions on the material
in order to develop a deeper understanding of the
material.
References:
Teaching Children to Read: An Evidence-Based Assessment
of the Scientific Research
Literature on Reading and Its Implications for Reading
Instruction, 2000,
National Reading Panel, National Institutes of Health,
U.S. Government http://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/nrp/smallbook.cfm
http://specialed.about.com/od/Dyslexia/a/teaching-reading-comprehension.htm
You can TCR specialist and language dictionaries
that are spontaneously accessed.
I can Turbo Charge Read a novel 6-7 times faster and remember what
I’ve read.
I can TCR an instructional/academic book around 20 times faster and remember what I’ve
read.
A
practical overview of
Turbo Charged Reading YouTube
How to choose a
book. A Turbo Charged
Reading YouTube
Emotions
when Turbo Charged Reading YouTube
Advanced Reading Skills Perhaps you’d like
to join my FaceBook group ?
Perhaps you’d like to check
out my sister blogs:
www.innermindworking.blogspot.com
gives many ways for you to work with the stresses of
life
www.ourinnerminds.blogspot.com
take advantage of business experience and expertise.
www.happyartaccidents.blogspot.com
just for fun.
To quote the Dr Seuss
himself, “The more that you read, the more things you will know.
The more that you learn; the
more places you'll go.”
No comments:
Post a Comment
Your opinions, experience and questions are welcome. M'reen